RESUMO: O desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos em terminação alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) foram avaliados por meio de meta-análise. O banco de dados foi construído com informações de 24 artigos, 113 tratamentos e 2.507 animais. Análises de correlação e variância foram realizadas. O ganho de peso dos suínos apresentou correlação negativa (P < 0,01) com o teor de FDN da dieta e com o consumo de FDN. A taxa de conversão alimentar apresentou correlação positiva (P < 0,01) com a inclusão de FDA presente nos ingredientes testados e com o consumo de FDN e FDA. A espessura do toucinho apresentou correlação negativa (P < 0,05) com o teor de FDN das dietas. A análise de variância mostrou que o desempenho dos suínos em terminação não foi influenciado (P > 0,05) pela inclusão de ingredientes com alto teor de FDN. Da mesma forma, a inclusão de ingredientes com alto teor de FDA não alterou (P > 0,05) o consumo de ração e a conversão alimentar. Porém, o uso de ingredientes com alto teor de FDA reduziu (P < 0,05) em 4% o ganho de peso dos suínos. O uso de ingredientes com altas concentrações de FDN e FDA afetam negativamente o ganho de peso e conversão alimentar de suínos em terminação, porém fração relacionada a FDA tem relação positiva com a redução da espessura de toucinho.

ABSTRACT: Performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs fed diets containing different levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were evaluated through meta-analysis. The database was constructed using information from 24 papers, 113 treatments, and 2507 animals. Correlation and variance analyze were performed. The weight gain of the pigs showed a negative correlation (P < 0.01) with the dietary NDF content and with NDF consumption. The feed conversion ratio showed a positive correlation (P < 0.01) with the inclusion of ADF in the test ingredient and with the consumption of NDF and ADF. The backfat thickness showed a negative correlation (P < 0.05) with the NDF content in the diets. The analysis of variance showed that the performance of finishing pigs was not influenced (P > 0.05) by the inclusion of ingredients with high NDF content. Likewise, the inclusion of ingredients with high ADF content did not alter (P > 0.05) feed intake and feed conversion ratio. However, the use of ingredients with a high ADF content reduced (P < 0.05) by 4% the weight gain of the pigs. The use of ingredients with high concentrations of NDF and ADF negatively affect the weight gain and feed conversion of finishing pigs; however, the ADF-related fraction has a positive relationship with the reduction of the backfat thickness.

ABSTRACT: This study was designed to simulate productive and economic losses due to the withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) from pig diets. Articles that compared diets with AGP (AGP+) or without AGP (AGP–) for pigs were collected from electronic databases and the performance results were entered in a database. A meta-analysis was performed following the sequence: graphical analysis, correlation, and variance-covariance. The performance results observed in the meta-analysis, feed cost, and AGP costs were used to build equations to estimate the economic effect of withdrawing AGP. The database comprised 81 scientific articles containing 103 experiments totalizing 42,923 pigs. Avilamycin (24.7 %) was the most frequent AGP in the database, followed by Colistin (15.4 %), Tiamulin (11.7 %), Tylosin (8.0 %), Lincomycin (9.4 %), and Bacitracin (5.4 %). Weight gain (p < 0.05) increased in AGP+ diets during post-weaning (6.5 %). However, there was no effect of AGP on weight gain of growing-finishing pigs. There was better (p < 0.05) feed conversion in pigs fed AGP+ diets in all rearing phases. Weight gain and feed conversion improved (p < 0.05) with the addition of Avilamycin, Bacitracin, and Tylosin. AGP withdrawal in the post-weaning phase increased feed costs by US$ 0.86 per animal and in growing-finishing phase the increase was US$ 3.11. Thus, pigs fed AGP+ diets have a better performance than pigs fed AGP- diets and the withdrawal of AGP increases feed costs.

Uma meta-análise foi realizada para avaliar a associação da ractopamina com variáveis nutricionais e de desempenho em suínos. A base de dados contemplou 29 artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais entre 1990 e 2007, totalizando 155 tratamentos e 3.786 suínos em terminação. A inclusão média de ractopamina foi de 15,3ppm (variação de 0 a 30ppm) e a ingestão média diária de ractopamina foi 24,9mg (variação de 0 a 84mg). A inclusão de ractopamina nas dietas apresentou (P<0,05) correlação positiva com o ganho de peso (0,214) e com a eficiência alimentar dos animais (0,231). A ractopamina não alterou (P>0,05) o consumo de ração, mas aumentou (P<0,05) em cerca de 12% a eficiência alimentar, em 10% o ganho de peso e em 3,7% o peso vivo final dos animais. As concentrações de proteína, lisina e energia nas dietas afetaram a resposta dos animais suplementados com ractopamina. Para cada incremento em uma unidade percentual no conteúdo dietético de lisina, pode ser esperado aumento de 341g no ganho de peso (GMD=0,687+0,341LIS; R²=0,71) e de 1,3% na eficiência alimentar dos animais (EF=2,14+1,34LIS; R²=0,62). A ractopamina melhora o desempenho dos suínos, porém a interação do aditivo com os componentes nutricionais deve ser considerada para a formulação das dietas.

A meta-analysis was carried to evaluate the relationship of ractopamine with nutritional variables and performance in pigs. The database included 29 articles published in national and international journals from 1990 to 2007, totaling 155 treatments and 3,786 pigs. The average inclusion of ractopamine was 15.3ppm (ranged from 0 to 30ppm) and the daily average intake of ractopamine was 24.9mg (ranging from 0 to 84mg). Inclusion of ractopamine in diets showed (P<0.05) a positive correlation with weight gain (0.214) and feed efficiency (0.231). Ractopamine did not change (P>0.05) the feed intake, but increased (P<0.05) in 12% the feed efficiency, in 10% the weight gain and in 3.7% the final body weight. The concentrations of protein, lysine and energy in diets affected the animal response feeding with ractopamine. Increasing a unit in dietary lysine concentration resulted in increase of 341g in weight gain (ADG=0.687+0.341LIS, R²=0.71) and 1.3% in feeding efficiency (EF=2.14+1.34LIS; R²=0.62). Ractopamine improves pig performance, however, the interaction between additive and nutritional components must be considered in diets formulation.

Leopardus weiidi (gato-maracajá) é um mamífero neotropical de ampla distribuição no Brasil. No município de Cachoeira do Sul, RS, um exemplar foi capturado para tratamento, quando se coletou uma amostra de fezes, que foi analisada pelo método de centrífugo-flutuação com sulfato de zinco para pesquisa de parasitos. Foi observada elevada infecção por cistos de Giardia sp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium sp.. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que L. weeidi é hospedeiro desses protozoários.

Leopardus weiidi (gato-maracajá) is a neo-tropical mammal with has a wide distribution in Brazil. In the municipality of Cachoeira do Sul, RS, a fecal sample from a specimen captured for treatment was collected and analyzed by the centrifugal-flotation method with zinc sulfate for research of parasites. A large number of cysts of Giardia sp. and oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp. was observed. The results indicate that L. weeidi is a host of these protozoa.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o possível parasitismo por Giardia sp. e Cryptosporidium sp. em amostras de fezes de ouriço-cacheiro (Coendou villosus). As amostras foram analisadas pelo método de centrífugo-flutuação com sulfato de zinco e apresentaram elevada infecção por cistos de Giardia sp. e por oocistos de Cryptosporidium sp., embora os animais não apresentassem sinal clínico decorrente disso.

This research was aimed at verifing the possible parasitism by Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. in porcupine (Coendou villosus) faeces samples. Samples were analyzed by the centrifugal-flotation method with zinc sulphate and showed high infection by cysts of Giardia sp. and by oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp., although the animals did not show any associated clinical sign.